Деконструкция иерархических моделей мотивации: сравнительный анализ пирамиды А. Маслоу и теории самодетерминации в генезисе прокрастинации
Ключевые слова:
прокрастинация, иерархия потребностей, А. Маслоу, теория самодетерминации, SDT, автономия, компетентность, внутренняя мотивация, рефрейминг задач, академическая продуктивностьАннотация
Настоящая статья посвящена критическому анализу двух конкурирующих концептуальных моделей мотивации в контексте феномена прокрастинации. Иерархическая модель потребностей А. Маслоу (1943), несмотря на широкое распространение в управленческой и педагогической практике, обнаруживает принципиальные ограничения при объяснении прокрастинации у людей с удовлетворёнными базовыми потребностями. В качестве альтернативной объяснительной рамки рассматривается теория самодетерминации (SDT) Э. Деси и Р. Райана, которая интерпретирует прокрастинацию не как поведенческий изъян или проявление слабоволия, а как защитный психологический механизм, возникающий вследствие фрустрации трёх базовых интринсивных потребностей: автономии, компетентности и связанности. На основе сравнительного анализа обеих моделей и с опорой на диагностический инструментарий — Шкалу общей прокрастинации (PASS) и Индекс базовых психологических потребностей (BPNS) — в статье обосновывается переход от дефицитарной логики к процессуальному подходу в управлении мотивацией. Предложены практические механизмы рефрейминга задач, направленные на восстановление внутренней мотивации в академической и профессиональной среде. Научная новизна работы состоит в доказательстве того, что прокрастинация является диагностически значимым сигналом о дефиците автономии, а не следствием индивидуальных личностных недостатков.Библиографические ссылки
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