"THE ROLE OF GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THE ORIGIN OF CERTAIN CANCER DISEASES IN MODERN ONCOLOGY: ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS"

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in the development of some cancers in modern oncology and their molecular mechanisms. The study highlights the importance of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA activity in tumor development, along with genetic changes such as DNA mutations, gene amplification and deletions, and chromosomal rearrangements. In the process of oncogenesis, disruption of cell cycle control, inhibition of apoptosis mechanisms, and activation of signal transduction pathways are considered as the main molecular factors. In addition, the uncontrolled increase in cell proliferation and the formation of invasive properties as a result of the interaction of genetic and epigenetic changes are scientifically substantiated. The results of the study serve as an important theoretical basis for early diagnosis of cancer, individualized treatment, and improvement of targeted therapy methods.